Le crime d’agression armée au Procès de Nuremberg (1945), ( Par Mamadou Sy Tounkara)
In the aftermath of World War II, the Allied powers decided to try the main leaders of the Nazi regime at the Nuremberg Trials. For the first time in history, political and military leaders were brought before an international court for having started a war.
Among the charges was the crime of aggression, known at the time as a crime against peace. This crime consisted of planning, preparing, or launching a war of attack against another state, in violation of international agreements. It encompassed not only the violence committed during the war, but also the very act of instigating the conflict.
The judges believe that Nazi Germany, led by Adolf Hitler, deliberately pursued a policy of aggressive territorial expansion, notably with the invasion of Poland in 1939, thus triggering war in Europe. Those prosecuted are accused of having organized and supported this strategy.
The Nuremberg trials marked a decisive turning point in the history of international law. They affirmed that the leaders of a state could be held personally responsible for their actions, even in times of war. The argument of "I was following orders" was no longer sufficient to escape justice.
Today, the crime of aggression is recognized by the International Criminal Court, which can try leaders responsible for an illegal war. The legacy of Nuremberg thus remains an essential foundation of international justice and the protection of world peace.
Mamadou Sy Tounkara
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